What Is Chronic Asthma?

Chronic asthma is a long-term lung condition where the airways stay inflamed and sensitive over time [1]. This means that symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness happen regularly and may not go away completely. While it can’t be cured, chronic asthma can usually be managed well with the right treatment and support.

How is chronic asthma different from occasional asthma?

Some people only have asthma symptoms now and then. Chronic asthma means symptoms are more frequent or constant. The airways remain inflamed most of the time, which increases the risk of flare-ups and asthma attacks if not treated properly.

What causes chronic asthma?

Chronic asthma develops when the airways are exposed to things that cause long-term irritation or inflammation. This could be due to:

Allergies (e.g. pollen, dust mites, pet dander)
Smoking or second-hand smoke
Air pollution or strong fumes
Frequent chest infections
Family history of asthma

What are the symptoms of chronic asthma?

Common symptoms that may come and go or persist include:

Frequent coughing, especially at night or in the morning
Wheezing – a whistling sound when breathing
Shortness of breath, even during light activity
Chest tightness or discomfort
Increased need for a reliever inhaler

How is chronic asthma diagnosed?

A GP or asthma nurse may use:

A review of your symptoms and medical history
Breathing tests such as spirometry
Allergy testing or peak flow monitoring

These tests help confirm the diagnosis and guide your treatment plan.

How is chronic asthma treated?

While there is no cure, treatment helps keep symptoms under control and prevent flare-ups. This includes:

Preventer inhalers – used daily to reduce inflammation in the lungs
Reliever inhalers – used when symptoms appear
Sometimes, tablets or biologic treatments for more severe asthma
An asthma action plan tailored to your needs

Can you live a normal life with chronic asthma?

Yes. With the right medication, regular check-ups, and avoiding known triggers, most people with chronic asthma can live a full and active life. The key is to take your preventer medication every day—even when you feel well.

When should you see a doctor?

You should book an appointment if:

Your symptoms are getting worse or happening more often
You need your reliever inhaler more than three times a week
You wake up at night due to asthma
You’ve had a recent asthma attack

Key Takeaways

Chronic asthma is a long-term condition where the airways stay inflamed and sensitive.
Symptoms like coughing and breathlessness can happen daily or often.
It’s managed with daily treatment, regular reviews, and avoiding triggers.
Preventer inhalers are essential to keep symptoms under control long-term.
Most people with chronic asthma can live a healthy, active life with proper care.

Reminder: Always follow your asthma action plan and talk to your GP or nurse if your symptoms change. Early action can help prevent serious asthma problems and keep you feeling well.

Sources

[1] Asthma, chronic | Treatment summaries - BNF - NICE