What are GLP-1 agonists used for?

GLP-1 agonists are a type of medication primarily used to help manage type 2 diabetes [1] and weight loss [2]. They work by mimicking a hormone in your body that helps regulate blood sugar levels. They can also aid in weight loss and improve heart health [3] [4]. If you think this medication might be right for you, it's important to talk to your doctor to ensure it's safe for your needs. Common GLP-1 agonists include Ozempic, Mounjaro and Wegovy.

How do GLP-1 agonists work?

GLP-1 agonists help control blood sugar by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high. They also slow down digestion, which helps you feel fuller for longer [5]. This can lead to weight loss as you might eat less. These effects help keep your blood sugar levels more stable.

What are the common side effects of GLP-1 agonists?

Common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea [6]. Some people might also experience a decreased appetite or stomach pain. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, it’s important to consult your doctor for advice and management.

Sources

[1] Collins L, Costello RA. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. [Updated 2024 Feb 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/

[2] Latif W, Lambrinos KJ, Patel P, et al. Compare and Contrast the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RAs) [Updated 2024 Feb 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572151/

[3] Anderer S. Study Identifies Benefits and Risks of GLP-1 Drugs Across 175 Health Outcomes. JAMA. 2025;333(12):1023. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.0542

[4] Xie, Y., Choi, T. & Al-Aly, Z. Mapping the effectiveness and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Nat Med 31, 951–962 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03412-w

[5] Moiz A, Filion KB, Tsoukas MA, Yu OH, Peters TM, Eisenberg MJ. Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation. Am J Med. 2025 Jun;138(6):934-940. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2025.01.021. Epub 2025 Jan 31. PMID: 39892489.

[6] Managing the Side Effects of Mounjaro, Saxenda & Wegovy?

GLP-1 Agonists