What Is a Migraine With Aura?

A migraine with aura is a type of migraine that includes warning signs (called an aura) just before or during the headache [1]. These signs are often visual – like flashing lights, zigzag lines, or blind spots – but can also affect speech, movement, or senses. The aura usually lasts less than an hour and is followed by a migraine headache.

What causes a migraine with aura?

Migraines with aura are believed to be caused by temporary changes in the brain’s activity, especially in the areas that control vision and other senses. These changes affect the way nerve signals travel and may be linked to blood flow in the brain. The exact cause of why this happens isn’t fully understood.

What are the symptoms of aura?

Aura symptoms usually appear gradually and last between 5 to 60 minutes. They include:

Flashing lights or flickering shapes
Blind spots or blurry vision
Seeing zigzag patterns or shimmering lines
Numbness or tingling, usually in the face or hands
Difficulty speaking or finding words
Feeling confused or dizzy

What happens after the aura?

Most people develop a migraine headache soon after the aura ends [2], although some people may not get a headache at all. The headache can include:

Throbbing or pulsing pain (often on one side of the head)
Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
Nausea or vomiting
Difficulty concentrating or tiredness

How is a migraine with aura diagnosed?

A GP can usually diagnose it based on your symptoms and medical history. You may be asked to describe what you see or feel during the aura and how often the headaches happen. In rare cases, you might have tests (like a brain scan) to rule out other conditions if the symptoms are unusual or worrying.

How is a migraine with aura treated?

Treatment aims to reduce the symptoms and stop the migraine from happening as often. Options may include:

Pain relief – such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, or triptans (migraine-specific medicines)
Preventive treatment – tablets or other medicines taken regularly if migraines are frequent or severe
Trigger management – avoiding common triggers like stress, certain foods, lack of sleep, or bright lights
Rest – lying down in a quiet, dark room during an attack can help ease symptoms

Are migraines with aura dangerous?

They can be distressing but are not usually dangerous. However, they may slightly increase the risk of stroke, especially in people who smoke or use certain types of contraception. It's important to speak to a doctor about this, especially if you have frequent aura symptoms.

Key Takeaways

A migraine with aura includes temporary symptoms like flashing lights or numbness before a headache starts.
Aura usually lasts less than an hour and is followed by a migraine attack.
Treatment includes pain relief, preventive medicine, and avoiding known triggers.
They’re not usually harmful, but a GP should check them to rule out other issues.
Good sleep, stress management, and a healthy routine can help reduce attacks.

Reminder: If you think you’re experiencing migraines with aura for the first time or if your symptoms change suddenly, speak to your GP for advice and proper diagnosis.

Sources:

[1] Migraine With Aura - Migraine Trust

[2] Study shows how aura may lead to migraine headache - NIH Research Matters