What are NAD levels in the body?

In this article, we’ll look at NAD levels, explaining what they are and why they matter. We’ll look at typical NAD levels in mammals and examine whether this level naturally declines as we age. As well as this, we’ll also explore whether NAD levels vary between different tissues and the blood, and discover the most common factors that can influence NAD levels in the body. We’ll also discuss why maintaining healthy NAD+ levels is important and consider whether it’s possible to restore declining levels. 

Key Takeaways

Here are the five biggest takeaways from this article about NAD levels in the body:

• NAD+ plays a vital role in key cellular processes, such as energy production, DNA repair and cell survival.

• As we age, NAD+ levels decrease, which is linked to various age-related conditions such as metabolic diseases, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage.

• NAD+ levels are much higher in tissues than in the blood. These levels fluctuate due to factors like age and gender.

• Several factors such as age, food intake, exercise and circadian cycles can affect NAD+ levels. Regular exercise, calorie restriction and a balanced diet rich in NAD+ precursors can help maintain or boost NAD+ levels.

• There are methods to restore NAD+ levels including Vivere NAD+ injections, oral supplements and nasal sprays. Lifestyle changes such as exercise and a nutrient-rich diet can also support NAD+ levels.

What are NAD levels?

The term “NAD levels” refers to the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) molecules in cells and tissues. NAD+ is a vital coenzyme involved in a number of important cellular processes including energy production and DNA repair. There are a number of reasons why your NAD levels may vary, including age, cell type and overall health. Maintaining optimal NAD+ levels is essential for supporting metabolic function and cellular health in the body.

Video: What is NAD+?

The Sheekey Science Show has created a helpful summary video to explain what NAD+ is, why it's important, how NAD levels in the body decline as we age and how it is structured.

What are typical NAD levels in mammals?

In mammals, typical NAD+ levels in cells are generally between 200 and 500 μM (micrometres). The concentration of NAD+ can vary significantly depending on the cell type and activity it is used for. For example, cells with high energy demands, such as neurons, tend to have higher levels of NAD+ to support their increased metabolic functions. NAD+ levels can also differ between cellular compartments, states, and growth conditions [1].

As previously mentioned, NAD is a vital coenzyme that is involved in a number of processes in the body. NAD levels can change due to a number of different factors, potentially impacting these bodily functions. 

Do NAD levels in the body decline as we age?

Yes, NAD levels in the body decline as we age. NAD+ levels decrease over time, an issue closely linked to various age-related conditions including metabolic diseases, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and DNA damage. As NAD+ levels drop functions that depend on it may be affected. This can contribute to ageing and age-related health issues [2].

Are NAD levels different in tissues and in the blood?

Yes, NAD levels vary between tissues and the blood. In tissues, NAD+ levels can vary significantly, ranging from 10 to 1000 μM, depending on the cell type and metabolic activity. 

NAD levels in the blood however are typically much lower, typically between 0.1 and 0.5 μM. Blood NAD levels tend to decrease gradually with age in men, while in women, they can fluctuate over time.

What common factors can affect NAD levels in the body?

Age

One of the most significant factors affecting NAD levels in the body is age. As we get older NAD+ levels naturally decline. This decline is associated with age-related conditions such as metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and DNA damage.

NAD+ in different cell types

NAD+ levels vary between different cell types due to their unique demands. Cells with high energy requirements tend to have higher levels of NAD+ to support their functions. On the other hand, cells with lower metabolic activity may have reduced NAD+ concentrations. NAD+ levels can fluctuate even within the same cell type based on cellular states and environmental conditions.

Food intake

Diet plays a crucial role in influencing NAD+ levels. Foods rich in NAD+ precursors (compounds that the body converts into NAD+ such as NR and NMN) can help increase NAD+ levels in the body. Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting have also been shown to increase NAD+ levels by promoting the activation of specific metabolic pathways. On the other hand, excessive calorie intake and poor dietary choices can diminish NAD+ levels and hinder cellular function.

Exercise

Physical activity is an important factor that can positively impact NAD+ levels. Regular exercise stimulates the activation of enzymes that boost NAD+ production. Cardiovascular training, in particular, has been shown to increase NAD+ levels, supporting improved energy metabolism and overall cellular health.

Circadian cycles

NAD+ levels are also influenced by the body’s natural circadian rhythms. NAD+ levels can fluctuate throughout the day, aligning with the body’s internal clock. Disruptions to sleep patterns or irregular circadian rhythms can interfere with NAD+ synthesis and regulation, potentially reducing levels over time. Sticking to a consistent sleep schedule and promoting good sleep hygiene can help support stable NAD+ levels.

Why are NAD+ levels important?

NAD+ levels are important because they play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes. NAD+ is essential for energy metabolism, helping to convert nutrients into cellular energy. NAD+ also regulates hundreds of processes including DNA repair, gene expression, and cell survival.

One of the most important aspects of NAD+ is its impact on ageing and disease. As we age, NAD+ levels decline, leading to disrupted metabolism and increased risk of various age-related diseases. Restoring NAD+ levels may improve health and even extend lifespan [3].

Is it possible to restore NAD+ levels in the body?

Yes, it is possible to restore NAD+ levels in the body. One of the most direct approaches is administering NAD+ through subcutaneous injections using a device like the Vivere Vi-Pen. These injections deliver a concentrated dose of NAD+ into the tissue beneath the skin, allowing for gradual absorption into the bloodstream and replenishment of depleted levels. This method is useful due to its anti-ageing benefits and support for cellular health. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional before considering NAD+ injections [4].

Other methods of restoring NAD+ levels include oral supplements and topical products. These options offer a more accessible way to boost NAD+ levels without the need for medical procedures.

Lifestyle factors such as exercise, calorie restriction and a balanced diet rich in NAD+ precursors can also help maintain or restore NAD+ levels. Always seek professional medical advice before using any form of NAD+ supplement to ensure it is appropriate for your individual health needs.

Final Thoughts

NAD+ levels are vital for maintaining cellular health and metabolic function. These levels naturally decline with age and can vary significantly between different tissues and the blood. Various factors, including age, cell type, food intake, exercise and circadian rhythms, can all influence NAD+ levels in the body. 

Maintaining healthy NAD+ levels is important as they play a crucial role in energy production, DNA repair and overall cellular function. It is possible to restore NAD+ levels through methods such as injections, oral supplements and lifestyle changes. If you wish to do so, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any NAD+ product.

Sources

[1] The Central Role of the NAD+ Molecule in the Development of Aging and the Prevention of Chronic Age-Related Diseases: Strategies for NAD+ Modulation

[2] Age-Dependent Decline of NAD+—Universal Truth or Confounded Consensus? - PMC

[3] Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence - PMC

[4] The Role of NAD+ in Regenerative Medicine - PMC

Further Reading

What is NAD+? | Why Is It Important? | NMN.com

Health Benefits of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)