How are STIs transmitted?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health concern in the UK and worldwide. Understanding how they are transmitted is essential for prevention and early treatment. This guide will explain the various ways STIs spread, the different types of infections, and how to protect yourself.

Key Takeaways

STIs spread through sexual contact.

They can pass between people through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and some (like herpes and HPV) can spread through skin-to-skin contact.

Protection helps but isn’t perfect.

Condoms reduce the risk of STIs, but some infections can still spread through touch or saliva. Regular testing is important if you're sexually active.

Some STIs can be treated, others managed.

Bacterial infections like chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics, while viral infections like herpes or HIV require ongoing treatment.

Understanding STIs

What is an STI?

STIs, also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections passed from person to person primarily through sexual contact. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can lead to serious health issues if left untreated.

Types of STIs and Their Transmission Methods

Different STIs spread in different ways. Below is a table of common STIs, their symptoms, and available treatments.

How Are STIs Transmitted?

Unprotected Sexual Contact

The most common way STIs spread is through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner. Some infections, such as herpes and HPV, can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact even if no penetration occurs.

Can STIs Be Transmitted Through Condoms?

Using condoms significantly reduces the risk of STIs, but they are not 100% effective. Some infections, like herpes and HPV, can spread through skin contact even if a condom is used correctly.

Can You Get an STI from Kissing?

Most STIs do not spread through kissing. However, herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus can be transmitted through saliva if sores are present.

Can STIs Be Transmitted Through Toilets?

STIs cannot survive on toilet seats or surfaces. Bacterial infections like chlamydia and gonorrhoea do not live outside the body long enough to be passed this way.

Can You Get an STI Without Ejaculation?

Yes, STIs can be transmitted even if ejaculation does not occur. The infection spreads through skin contact and bodily fluids, including pre-ejaculate.

Can STIs Be Transmitted Through Breastfeeding?

Certain STIs, like HIV, can be transmitted through breast milk. However, infections like chlamydia and gonorrhoea do not spread this way.

Can STIs Be Transmitted Through Oral Sex?

Yes, oral sex can transmit STIs such as gonorrhoea, herpes, syphilis, and HPV. Using condoms or dental dams can reduce this risk.

Who Is Most at Risk of Contracting an STI?

While anyone sexually active can contract an STI, some people are at higher risk, including:

• Individuals under 30 years old

• Those with multiple sexual partners

• People who do not use protection during sex

• Individuals with weakened immune systems

• Smokers (higher risk of HPV-related complications)

Preventing STIs

How Can I Reduce My Risk of Getting an STI?

• Use condoms: Provides a barrier against most infections

• Get regular STI tests: Especially if you have multiple partners

• Limit sexual partners: Reduces exposure risk

• Avoid sharing needles: Prevents HIV and hepatitis transmission

• Get vaccinated: HPV and hepatitis B vaccines can protect against infections

How Can I Treat STIs?

Treatment depends on the type of STI. Some are curable with antibiotics (e.g., chlamydia and gonorrhoea), while others require ongoing management (e.g., herpes and HIV).

You can purchase STI treatments online from UK Meds following a consultation with an independent prescriber.

Getting Tested and Treated for STIs

Do I Need a Prescription for STI Medication?

Yes, prescription medications for STIs require approval from a doctor or independent prescriber. Over-the-counter treatments exist for some conditions, such as pubic lice and certain wart treatments.

Can I Buy STI Treatments Online?

Yes, you can purchase STI treatments from UK Meds. After a successful consultation, you can obtain a prescription for the necessary medication.

Final Thoughts

STIs are a common health issue, but they are largely preventable. Understanding how they spread and taking the right precautions can significantly reduce your risk. Regular testing, safe sex practices, and timely treatment are key to maintaining sexual health. If you suspect you have an STI, seek medical advice and begin treatment as soon as possible.

Sources

• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) - NHS

• STIs Annual Data Tables - GOV.UK

• STIs Surveillance Data, Screening, and Management - GOV.UK

• Health Matters: Preventing STIs - UKHSA

• Sexual Health in the UK - Statista

• Sexually Transmitted Infections - Childline

• Types of STIs - The Sexual Health Hub